Informative Speech April Fools Day Essay - 806 Words

Rebecca Patenaude Professor Iverson Speech 28 January 2013 The History of April Fools Day I. Most of us know April 1st as a lighthearted day where it is acceptable to play silly jokes and try to fool your friends, but few know what April Fools Day is really about and why such an usual holiday is celebrated around the world. A. The exact origin is still a mystery, but the earliest known explanation took place in France over 400 years ago. 1. It is also unknown how this holiday spread to other countries. 2. It is interesting to see how different cultures celebrate it. B. Today I’m going to share with you the background of this crazy holiday, explain the cultural differences in the way the day is†¦show more content†¦D. Scotland calls it â€Å"Taily Day† 5. Refer to their jokes as â€Å"april gowk† which is another name for the cuckoo bird. 6. The original â€Å"kick me† sign came from the Scottish (April Fools 150). E. In England, pranks only played in the morning 7. Its bad luck to play a joke on anyone after noon. 8. If a trick is played on you, you are called a â€Å"noodle† rather than a fool (April Fools 150). F. In Rome, it is referred to as the Festival of Hilaria, also known as Roman Laughing Day and falls on March 25th (April Fools 150). G. In Portugal, it falls on the Sunday and Monday before lent and the traditional trick is to throw flour at your friends (April Fools 150). IV. There is a rich history of great pranks across the world. H. One of the greatest world known pranks in history happened in 1957 when a British news program, BBC news, featured respected newscaster Richard Dimbleby giving a report about a spaghetti harvest in Switzerland 9. He stated that the mild winter resulted in an exceptionally heavy spaghetti crop. 10. Many viewers were so intrigued by the footage of farmers reaping noodles from trees, viewers called the station to ask where they could find their own spaghetti trees. 11. BBC news replied, â€Å"place a sprig of spaghetti in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best† (April Fools 151). I. In 1996 the Taco Bell Corporation announced that it hadShow MoreRelated Myth of Propaganda in the Balkans and Rwanda Essay6707 Words   |  27 PagesSerbs— analogous to Jerusalem for the Jews— only to be usurped by the Ottoman Empire, Milosevic set his sights on Kosovo to advance his nationalist agenda, famously declaring to the 10% minority Kosovo Serbs, â€Å"no one will ever beat you again!† His speech in 1989 on the 600 year anniversary of the battle at Kosovo Polje, or â€Å"the Field of Blackbirds,† was the cornerstone to the myth he helped build about the Serbs claim to Kosovo. The myth refers to an elected Serbian prince, Prince Lazar, who was givenRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 Pages sex, death, money, war, crime or religion. These topics seem to be cross cultural. 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Students can take notes, record data, and complete activities in this ready-to-use workbook, which includes activities fromRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageslittle work experience. Reason #1: It focuses attention on what effective managers actually â€Å"do. † In an influential article, Henry Mintzberg (1975) argued that management education had almost nothing to say about what managers actually do from day to day. 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New and Significant Management Insights from Recomputed Baldrige Scores Free Essays

Baldrige Criteria raw scores were statistically analyzed carrying out correlation test, t-test, and regression analyses tests on two (2) groups designated as Leaders and on another group as Others. From an earlier examination of the respondents that the Leaders were actually Senior Leaders and that the Others were actually Junior Leaders, the tests consistently showed that the Senior Leaders were more concerned with external factors, such as satisfying Customer and Market Focus and delivering Business Results. Expectedly, as Junior Leaders, they showed total balanced concern for all the categories of the Baldrige Criteria. We will write a custom essay sample on New and Significant Management Insights from Recomputed Baldrige Scores or any similar topic only for you Order Now Results of both groups descriptively (Commerce, 2007b) fell into the Baldrige Leadership and Results Triads, pages 4 and 5 (Commerce, 2007b). Other possible uses of already available Baldrige Criteria raw scores must be further explored especially in the feasibility of predicting favorable leadership qualities towards successful organizations. Introduction What a better way to define leadership than through differentiating it with management by these 2 very self-explanatory popular business amorphisms: Management guru Peter Drucker and Bennis jumbled words, in that: â€Å"Management is doing things right; Leadership is doing the right things† (Warren Bennis, 1995). Thus, Bennis, then has more to say, in that: â€Å"Managers want to be efficient. Leaders want to be effective†(Warren Bennis, 1995). Through the centuries, man has always been awed by outstanding leaders. Hence, through the years, continuing search has been made of the unmistakable character traits of leadership, obviously found in leaders. There have even been attempts at possibly measuring leadership, or if not, trying to segregate those people who are leaders from those who are not leaders by applying some pre-set leadership criteria on them. Review of Related Literature The Value of Leadership Qualities of leadership, specifically military leadership are found not only under the subject heading Military Leadership in the earlier August 1999 US Army Field Manual (FM) 22-100 Army Leadership Be, Know, Do version (Army, 1999) but also in just the latest October 2006 US Army FM 6-22 Army Leadership Competent, Confident, Agile version (Army, 2006). From the 1999 US FM 22-100, Napoleon Bonaparte, a most famous military leader boasted (more, later) that: â€Å"A man does not have himself killed for a few halfpence a day or for a petty distinction. You must speak to the soul in order to electrify the man† (Army, 1999). Moreover, according to the same 1999 US FM 22-100, it would be safe to declare then that with those good qualities of leadership, former US Army Sergeant Major Richard A. Kidd had this to say (more, later), that: â€Å"Soldiers learn to be good leaders from good leaders† (Army, 1999). It will be at best a very highly debatable issue (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003), the importance of military leadership over civilian leadership, as just fitting and right. Over 228 years of US Military fighting history and existence, only in the past 8 years, already two military volumes of the US Army on Military Leadership had been printed, as we have seen above: the year 1999 FM 22-10 and the year 2006 FM 6-22, representing the US’ foremost military leadership literature. Why and how the US became a military power may also be attributed to those two manuals which encapsulated especially the US Marines’ superior rigorous and highly-proven training methods over 228 years to produce the US Military’s effective and successful military leaders/officers and soldiers (women from all ranks included). Without deliberately and unnecessarily comparing and contrasting (though debatable) military leadership and civilian leadership, it just cannot be helped; however, to sufficiently point out only two major differences between them. Obviously, first, the highest stakes are over human life-and-death situations and possible widespread public infrastructure damage by which military leaders could legitimately under military leadership give the orders for the go-ahead, as in â€Å"to seek and destroy (with impunity and without prejudice! )†. Such situation cannot be compared with any other civilian leader, except for the lone duly-elected civilian President also deciding as Commander-in-Chief of the nation under a democratic country where civilian authority is supreme over the military. In other words, hands down, each individual military leader or officer is tasked to the extremes: physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, psychologically, socially, and so on–more than any of his civilian counterpart under any same given conditions (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). Second, it could be generally inferred that it would be much easier to make the transition by a military leader to become a civilian leader (to be discussed later); than for a civilian leader to become a military one—simply because of more demanding requirements of the civilian individual (or leader) by the military life (Frances Hesselbein, 2004; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). Civilian leadership may be further subdivided into spiritual leadership in origin or in nature (Greenleaf, 2002), political leadership (Gardner, 1990; Warren Bennis, 1995; Yukl, 2001), and business leadership (Covey, 1900, , 1992, , 2006; Jason A. Santamaria, 2003; Yukl, 2001). For leaders who are successful in their own fields, yet surprisingly, they still feel themselves very melancholy and unexplainably â€Å"unfulfilled†, the most plausible search for their fulfillment, obviously with very strong spiritual undertones, may come from imbibing that concept of servant-leadership, a term coined by Robert K. Greenleaf who wrote Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness, 25th Anniversary Edition as a hardcover (Covey, 2006; Greenleaf, 2002). Naturally, proponents, advocates, practitioners, and â€Å"fanatics† of this â€Å"Greenleaf culture† or those practicing spiritual leadership should be, just to give examples, are the so-called Roman Catholic religious orders with lifetime vocations of daily self-denial comprising the monks, missionaries, contemplatives, and so on. Tao Te Ching, ca. 6th century BCE as described in chapter 17, on â€Å"servant-leadership† remains to be a timeless ideal (Greenleaf, 2002). Following closely at his heels, Jesus Christ ca. 33 AD sought to teach his disciples that in order to be first they must â€Å"wash each other’s feet†. In other words, taken directly from the Online 1611 King James Version (K. J. V. , 2007) from the gospel evangelists’ accounts, the disciples must seek to serve each other in order to be true leaders from Chapter 13 of the Gospel of John (K. J. V. , 2007). And again, Jesus said that â€Å"many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first† meaning that true leadership, according to Jesus, was leadership based on servanthood from Chapter 19 according to the Gospel of Matthew (Covey, 1900, , 1992, , 2006; Gardner, 1990; K. J. V. , 2007). Thus, now many years later if analyzed, notice Bonaparte’s speaking to man’s soul to electrify man (Army, 1999) for man to join his Army, with the certainty that that man will get killed–can be found in the servant-leader concept during World War II as exquisitely applied by the German people and the German Army in their allegiance to their Fuehrer (Adolf Hitler) of the Fatherland (nation Germany) and by the Japanese people and the Japanese Army in their allegiance to their considered demi-god Emperor (Emperor Hirohito) of their beloved nation Japan. It really is noteworthy that Larry C. Spears, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership since 1990, summarized Greenleaf’s works by listing down the servant-leaders’ ten (10) characteristics which because of the concept/principle of the servant-leaders’ deep spiritual underpinnings, all the other mentioned habits or values of civilian leadership literature can be included in any one of these ten items. The following list can be considered a veritable â€Å"How To’s in Leadership†: Hence, those other leadership habits or values, also cited accordingly alongside each of these characteristics mentioned are from Stephen R. Covey’s The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People (Covey, 1900), Principle-Centered Leadership (Covey, 1992), and The 8th Habit from Effectiveness to Greatness (Covey, 2006); John W. Gardner’s On Leadership (Gardner, 1990); Warren Bennis and Joan Goldsmith’s Learning to Lead (Warren Bennis, 1995); and from Gary Yukl’s Leadership in Organizations (Yukl, 2001). 1. Listening (Greenleaf, 2002): While other leaders are expected to be excellent communicators and decision-makers, servant-leaders, rather than to be listened to, are now more than ever, expected to listen intently to the others (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 6, Synergize (of 7 or of 8), that the would-be-leader, believing that the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts, through mutual trust in attentively listening to the other person they could both arrive at the best solution because they listened to one another, better than either’s (Covey, 1900). Same as Characteristic 7, They Are Synergistic (Covey, 1992). 2. Empathy (Greenleaf, 2002): Servant-leaders try very hard to understand and empathize with others, accepting them as they are, and as they come and go (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 5, Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood, that the would-be-leader must try his best first to identify with the other person before he himself expects to be understood by that person (Covey, 1900). 3. Healing (Greenleaf, 2002): An on-going phenomenon between serving and being served is not only the potential but the actuality that both serving and being served are â€Å"healed† or â€Å"made whole† again by their shared experiences (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 4 (of 7 or of 8), Think Win/Win, that the would-be-leader makes sure that his counterpart and he are both benefited by any arrangement or agreement they have arrived at (Covey, 1900). Habit 7 (of 7 or of 8), Sharpening the Saw, that the would-be-leader voluntarily and regularly maintains a balanced personal renewal of his physical, mental, social/emotional, and spiritual dimensions (Covey, 1900) and very similar, if not the same as Characteristic 5, They Lead Balanced Lives (Covey, 1992) and Characteristic 8, They Exercise For Self-Renewal (Covey, 1992). Bennis was able to grasp this truth, in that: â€Å"As Sophocles observes in Antigone, ‘’But hard it is to learn the mind of any mortal, or the heart, ’til he be tried in chief authority. Power shows the man’’’† (Warren Bennis, 1995). 4. Awareness (Greenleaf, 2002): Able servant-leaders are usually sharply awake and reasonably disturbed from integrated holistic perspectives, yet with inner serenity (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 1 (of 7 or of 8), Being Proactive or the concept of Inside-Out, that any significant type of change in the would-be-leader must first come from within himself (Covey, 1900). How to cite New and Significant Management Insights from Recomputed Baldrige Scores, Essays

Clinton Sex Scandal Essay Research Paper Rare free essay sample

Clinton Sex Scandal Essay, Research Paper Rare is a individual that crosses the way of the White House without some emotion of enviousness or awe. This edifice epitomizes universe leading and unprecedented power. This celebrated leading may be the lone association made by certain states, while in the United States many see an other significance: Watergate, Whitewater, Kennedy # 8217 ; s barbarous and cryptic blackwash, and today, Clinton # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; zippergate # 8221 ; dirt. When the President of the United States takes curse, he gives up a portion of his life. His private life becomes the public # 8217 ; s life, and they feel the right to cognize what happens behind the Oval Office. Now the Presidency must conflict against Newspaper journalists, wireless personalities, televised intelligence studies and now, even more menacing: the Internet. Presidents who are invariably reminded of their power and esteemed rank, become exasperated because they can non command the intelligence media, even though they can to a big grade set the intelligence docket. Media has expanded in its presence, going widespread on the Internet, possibly monopolising the sphere, by going more powerful and more used than written, televised or radio news media. The Presidents # 8217 ; inability to command the imperativeness exposes their exposure and tends to oppugn the existent power they can really exercise. All presidents, at some clip or another, became frustrated at what they perceived as unjust intervention by the imperativeness, even while admiting its critical map in a free society, and many presidents have been a portion of a dirt. The current Presidential dirt with Monica Lewinsky had swept the Nation overnight. It seems rather impossible to cognize merely how it will all turn out, and unfair to even theorize, but the media surely seems to believe they possess that right. It is obvious that this narrative has changed the face of news media, has put online media on the map in a major manner, and has made life more hard for newspapers everlastingly. First, allow # 8217 ; s take a expression at how this narrative developed and how it acted on the Internet. David Noack of E A ; P in his article # 8220 ; Web # 8217 ; s Large Role in Sex Controversy # 8221 ; does a great occupation of detailing the writhing way this tale took from rumour to probe to publication, and how the Internet played a cardinal portion. Noack points out in his article that the # 8220 ; Clinton/Lewinsky # 8221 ; dirt has drastically changed on-line media. He writes: # 8220 ; A twelvemonth ago, most newspapers and intelligence magazines adhered to the difficult regulation that they would non crouch themselves by seting interrupting intelligence on their Web sites before it appeared in their print editions. But a rapidly-growing public demand for about # 8220 ; instant # 8221 ; Web coverage of interrupting national intelligence narratives has forced even the largest newspapers and magazines- like the Washington Post and Newsweek-to abandon the old rule. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Out with the old, in with the new. # 8221 ; It is easy to believe interrupting narratives online could thin journalists # 8217 ; on-paper presence ; now many have realized that on-line media puts all journalists on equal terms with wireless and Television. So who drove this alteration, forcing away the position quo? Matt Drudge, writer of # 8220 ; The Drudge Report # 8221 ; . It is still the Internet # 8217 ; s gilded haste period and everyone is running about seeking to do a net income. The sarcasm is that the individual who best embodies what # 8217 ; s revolutionary about the Internet has made next to no money from it: Matt Drudge, 30, is the writer of # 8220 ; The Drudge Report # 8221 ; , a bulletin of amusement chitchat, political rumour and witty meta-news. His web page ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drudgereport.com ) is severe ; it consists of a headline, links to intelligence beginnings and some black and white cartridge holder art. Apparently he is t ruly rather good informed, he reads 18 newspapers a twenty-four hours and he admires political relations plenty to travel after both sides of the narrative when the clip comes. Drudge # 8217 ; s contact list has been spread outing far quicker than his bank history he now has a immense followers, with a mailing list of over 85,000 people. This web journalist has such an impact on the Internet that last hebdomad he managed to do alarm in the White House-and this was non the first clip. He flagged a narrative Newsweek had been sitting on for six months: that President Clinton may hold propositioned a White House worker named Kathleen Willey on federal belongings. I found an article on the Internet that seemed to sum up precisely what people # 8217 ; s sentiment on Drudge is, really assorted: # 8220 ; The best thing about the Internet is Matt Drudge. He knows how to utilize the online medium. He prizes velocity, being first, and he connects strongly with an audience that wants personality and chitchat. The worst thing about the Internet is Matt Drudge. He caters to the lowest common denominator. He gets narratives incorrect. He makes traditional journalists really uncomfortable. We don # 8217 ; t want him to stand for us. But do we hold a pick? # 8221 ; What made Drudge tick and go such a Net phenomenon? He started jabing his olfactory organ where others feared to tread-the White House. He broke the Kathleen Willey narrative: she was the loath informant for the Paula Jones defence team-a White House employee who was # 8220 ; comforted # 8221 ; by the president when she feared her hubby might be in problem. And Drudge surely got the attending of the White House with his narrative. It evidently doesn # 8217 ; t look right to excuse irresponsible coverage, but it should be pointed out that Drudge is non a journalist-and neer claimed to be. Drudge is an Information Age innovator in a much chartless district. He doesn # 8217 ; t unrecorded by the same criterions as the imperativeness. Newspaper companies have spent 100s of 1000000s of dollars-perhaps billions-researching ways of efficaciously administering their information on the Internet, since it is the manner of the hereafter. It has its benefits: it is an easy and instant manner to compare and contrast intelligence histories from all over the United States. That find is frightening the establishment imperativeness every bit much as Drudge # 8217 ; s critical studies have scared the truth constabulary at the White House. The Washington Post, CNN and other large intelligence organisations have resorted to cases to seek to forestall the sorts of intelligence links provided by Drudge and WorldNetDaily. Their alibi being that they did non desire ordinary consumers to be able to compare their intelligence histories to those of other intelligence organisations. The White House, which was so frequently in confederation with the constitution imperativeness, is now seeking to do Drudge disappear and they will non be satisfied with any other consequence. The cases are non about money or apologies, but about extinction for alternate voices. If Drudge is silenced by the White House lout squad, the media universe will decidedly go a small less interesting and a small less free in the intelligence kingdom. Steve Silberman, a author for Wired magazine, had a grudging congratulations for Matt Drudge with his function in the Clinton/Lewinsky narrative in one of his columns: # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s a Drudge World After All # 8221 ; : # 8220 ; In Drudge # 8217 ; s universe, which is our universe now, the act of bring outing what was once concealed # 8211 ; of acquiring the skinny, routing about bureaucratic firewalls, withstanding the spin-doctors to tap the loose-lipped intimate # 8211 ; is paramount. Second to the act of bring outing the soil is the enthusiasm to distribute it about. Garbage in, refuse out # 8211 ; and every bit rapidly as possible. The speed is mostly the point. # 8221 ; So how does it do traditional journalists experience? Uneasy? Tainted? The Clintn/Lewinsky dirt is that sort of narrative ; awful and soiled. But more than that possibly, they are moving recklessly, and people like Drudge, runing in the high-speed, high-competition universe of the Web, aren # 8217 ; t forcing us that manner. For case, Jan. 23, merely a twosome of yearss into the Clinton/Lewinsky crisis, when it was still merely two people who both said nil happened, telecasting and wireless observers were already utilizing words like # 8220 ; vacate # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; impeach. # 8221 ; Which, to me seems like a speedy haste to judgement. Pack news media and media crazes aren # 8217 ; t new phenomenons, but the Internet has changed the character of the treaty. Eleanor Randolph and Jane Hall of the Los Angeles Times make some interesting points about this in their article: # 8220 ; Media Coverage Turns Into a Full Press. # 8221 ; They write: # 8220 ; When you commit wall-to-wall coverage of a sensational narrative in which small is known, you # 8217 ; rhenium necessarily traveling to weave up in a swamp of cheapness, # 8221 ; one web executive said, adding that telecasting ends up # 8220 ; reiterating half-truths and insinuations because you # 8217 ; ve got air clip to make full and people who come on have agendas. # 8221 ; Possibly all this is true, possibly it is false and it is traveling more than a small forbearance to alter something, because it is everyplace. You # 8217 ; ll have no problem happening intelligence about this latest muss in the White House but instead have problem avoiding it. Despite the fact that it is a top narrative for all newspapers and telecasting plans, a batch of the coverage is excess, and the major documents are surprisingly slow to update. The Internet media portions the same issues that the written or televised imperativeness have: censoring and morality. It does non look logical for the media to experience they have the right to print the President # 8217 ; s personal letters, such as the 1s from Kathleen Willey: Dear Mr. President # 8211 ; You have been on my head so frequently this hebdomad # 8211 ; There are so really many people who believe in you and what you are seeking to make for our state # 8211 ; Take bosom in cognizing that your figure one fan thanks you every twenty-four hours for your aid in salvaging her fantastic province. With grasp Kathleen yet can non compose # 8220 ; f****ing # 8221 ; in complete letters in the transcripts of the Monica Lewinski-Linda Tripp tapes: Lewinsky: Well, it doesn # 8217 ; Ts have to be a f # 8212 ; ing struggle. Tripp: What do you intend? How? State me how? [ What am I ] supposed to state if they say, # 8220 ; Has Monica Lewinsky of all time said to you that she is in love with the president or is holding a physical relationship with the president? # 8221 ; If I say no, that is f # 8212 ; ing bearing false witness. That # 8217 ; s the bottom line. I will make everything I can non to be in that place. That # 8217 ; s what I # 8217 ; m seeking to make # 8230 ; I think you truly believe that this is really easy, and I should merely state f-k it. They can # 8217 ; t turn out it. In what manner does it concern the American people whether or non Kathleen Willey is # 8220 ; proud of the President # 8217 ; s public presentation? # 8221 ; ( No wordplay intended ) and I # 8217 ; thousand sure we can cover with the usage of a four missive word if we can cover with the fact that President Clinton had unwritten sex with his 21 twelvemonth old houseman. The Clinton-Lewinsky narrative may hold set off an unprecedented media blitz, but the American Presidency is no alien to dirt. Throughout history, occupants of the Oval Office have been known to take part in # 8220 ; improper relationships # 8221 ; with unsavoury political associates or adult females who were surely non their married womans. If White House walls could speak, here are some of the narratives they might state: Equally early as between 1913-1921, the President, Woodrow Wilson, had a nickname # 8220 ; The Merry Widower # 8221 ; . He was the boy of a priggish Calvinist curate, Wilson was depicted by Sigmund Freud as person who identified himself with Jesus Christ. In fact, Wilson # 8217 ; s repute as a devoted hubby and male parent was screaky clean until his married woman # 8217 ; s decease two old ages into his first presidential term. After a deep ( but brief ) period of bereavement, Wilson began to bask the frequent company of Edith Bolling Galt, the widow of a outstanding man of affairs. Public sentiment swung wildly against Wilson: Rumors flew that the state # 8217 ; s 28th president and his fancy man had conspired to poison Wilson # 8217 ; s married woman. Finally the twosome wed and public sentiment swung once more, this clip wildly in favour of President Wilson # 8217 ; s new married woman and matrimony. When a shot left Wilson partially paralyzed in 1919, Edith took over many of his everyday responsibilities as portion of her self-described # 8220 ; stewardship # 8221 ; of the presidential term. She died on Dec. 28, 1961, the hundred-and-fifth day of remembrance of Wilson # 8217 ; s birth. More presently, there was the John F. Kennedy dirt, his presidential term which extended from 1961-1963 was peppered with his repute of being a womaniser. The list had many celebrated names like Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield, Angie Dickinson, stripper Blaze Starr and Judith Campbell Exner, lover of reputed Mafia foreman Sam Giancana. # 8220 ; They are merely a few of the better-known fancy man with whom JFK has been linked, # 8221 ; University of Virginia authorities professor Larry Sabato writes in his book # 8220 ; Feeding Frenzy, # 8221 ; # 8220 ; non to advert a healthy dosage of anon. air hose air hostesss, secretaries and Plutos. By many believable histories, John F. Kennedy was non King Arthur but Sir Lancelot in the Camelot of his presidency. # 8221 ; There were besides other presidential dirts that weren # 8217 ; t sexually related, such as Richard Mulhouse Nixon, who was in office between 1969 and 1974. When five interlopers were caught indoors Democratic National Committee central offices in the Watergate hotel on June 17, 1972, American history changed everlastingly. An probe into the housebreaking revealed a web of political spying and sabotage # 8211 ; and unraveled the Nixon presidential term itself. The illegal activities and cover-up efforts resulted in the indictments of some 40 authorities functionaries and the surrender of the 37th president of the United States. In the 1980s, Nixon regained some stature in the field of international personal businesss. But the release in 1997 of more than 200 hours of tapes made in the Nixon White House threw yet another shadow over his complex presidential bequest. And today in 1998, we have a full blown # 8220 ; modern dirt # 8221 ; of our ain. But a cardinal alteration separates contemporary presidential dirts from those in the yesteryear: promotion. Except for Cleveland # 8217 ; s paternity instance and recent allegations against Bill Clinton, presidential love dirts have # 8220 ; ever come out after the fact, # 8221 ; says James W. Davis, writer of # 8220 ; The American Presidency. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Tongue-wagging # 8221 ; was kept to a lower limit in the pre-Watergate epoch, he says. # 8220 ; The imperativeness in those yearss honored the privateness of the White House. It was a different era. # 8221 ; American attitudes toward presidential dirt may hold arrived at yet another degree in the late 1 990s. â€Å"Perhaps we’ve reached a point where Americans truly do compartmentalise to divide the president’s public actions from his personal life† , says Larry Berman, a political scientific discipline professor at the University of California, Davis. â€Å"Today the electors realize they have a human being in the White House who has the same defects and idiosyncrasies that we all have, † Davis adds. â€Å"It’s like Melrose Place all the time.† # 8220 ; The constitution of the office of independent advocate in 1978 besides changed positions of the presidential term # 8221 ; , says Shirley Anne Warshaw, associate professor of political scientific discipline at Gettysburg College and writer of # 8220 ; The Domestic Presidency # 8221 ; . The Clinton-Lewinsky narrative # 8220 ; is all based on a series of leaks, # 8221 ; she notes. # 8220 ; Ever since Watergate, society has said # 8216 ; Let # 8217 ; s look into our functionaries at a different level. # 8217 ; # 8221 ; The Clinton sex dirt supplies all the grounds. It is a narrative made in Web media Eden: Too complex for a 90-second Television study, excessively fast-breaking for print newspapers and excessively tickling for the populace to disregard. Peoples flocked to the Internet in record Numberss when the narrative broke. At Fox News Online, the Clinton dirt generated more traffic than the decease of Princess Diana. At AP Online, the dirt outran the Super Bowl 3-to-1. At CNN Interactive, it contributed to a tenfold hiking in traffic in one twenty-four hours. And the Washington Post # 8217 ; s Web site was hit so difficult, it had to add excess waiters. That is non to state the on-line intelligence was ever accurate. Plenty of people argue the coverage was foolhardy, at best. But everyone agrees that the Web drove the media craze. Because Web intelligence organisations exploited their five advantages: 1. Speed. News delivered when it happens-not when the paper is printed. And it doesn # 8217 ; Ts have to be videotaped, edited and aired-just posted to a waiter. 2. Space. Can # 8217 ; T squeezing in inside informations? No job, merely nexus to another page. 3. Cost. No dearly-won newspaper. No bringing trucks or newsstands. No Television studios to run. No orbiters to lease. 4. Interactivity. Newsgroups, confab suites and other treatment forums offer an instant soap box. And an audience. 5. Open all dark. It is neer excessively late to interrupt a narrative on the Internet. For illustration people can post their sentiments on certain issues so others can read them and answer. Like this missive posted by a adult female in response to an column article on the Internet refering the Clinton dirt: # 8220 ; Your narrative sing the haste to describe on the Clinton dirt pushed me to make something I neer thought I would make. That is respond to a web site. Yes I am certainly the Internet showed its winging colourss when it came to acquiring and describing the narrative foremost. What narrative? I have a inquiry for you. When did this state get down practising Roman Greco Law ( guilty until proved artlessness ) ? I thought we practiced Common Law, but I guess in our tabloid outlook anything goes. I say shame on every type of intelligence media that is available in this state. Will the truth once it is known even if it is non as dramatic, be splashed all over every media vehicle available? I # 8217 ; m sorry but I doubt it. Make any of us other than the President and Ms. Lewinsky know what the truth is? Is it any of our concern? Merely inquiring. You have a fantastic valuable service, I visit your site at least one time if non more each twenty-four hours. Please don # 8217 ; t blow my value clip by selling the virtue of this media via some dirt. This media can rest rather comfy on its ain value. Thank you. # 8221 ; But before Web intelligence can go first, it must get the better of certain lacks: 1. Visuals. Television will win this one, hands-down, until streaming engineering improves. 2. Access. Online entree must go through critical mass. 3. Credibility. The Internet has to cast its repute as a digital rumour factory. It # 8217 ; s been rather an exciting few hebdomads for the state. Since the alleged President Clinton/Monica Lewinsky confederation foremost hit the intelligence, the populace has been treated to dirt coverage of the first order. The power of 24? hr intelligence webs, the print media, and the Internet have been at the public # 8217 ; s service to assist them wade through the seamy mire of the Clinton sex files. From the beginning of the coverage, there has been a perceptual experience that this was the media # 8217 ; s large interruption with Clinton. Heavily criticized by many on the Right for non prosecuting the Clinton Administration plenty during earlier dirts, the media now seemed to put into Clinton. Though differing accounts emerged, the outstanding 1 was that the President # 8217 ; s slick maneuvering through old dirts had irritated the imperativeness. Now, with allegations of existent presidential dishonesty, every bit good as disclosures of old dishonesty to the imperativeness sing the Gennifer Flowers matter and marihuana use, the imperativeness was non traveling to give the President a free drive. The accusals of lying to the media and the American people seem like a reasonably plausible claims. Clinton ( and for that affair, Vice? President Gore ) is underhand, and likes to play the # 8220 ; actual truth # 8221 ; game. Particularly in his account of his statements in the ill-famed 1992 60 Minutes interview. At that clip, he said allegations of an 11? twelvemonth matter with Gennifer Flowers were false, but conceded that he had antecedently # 8220 ; caused hurting to his marriage. # 8221 ; In his deposition in the Paula Jones test, he admitted to the matter. It doesn # 8217 ; Ts take a doctrine category in logic to feel that the two statements are inconsistent. Clinton # 8217 ; s account shows his adroitness with actual truth. Apparently, the ground he denied an 11? twelvemonth matter with Flowers was that the matter wasn # 8217 ; t eleven old ages old. Now, it would look to you or me that this avoids the substantial issue of the inquiry ; by and large, a inquiry sing the being of an 11? twelvemonth matter is covering with the being of the matter, non the timespan. Clinton stays literally true, but avoids the existent inquiry # 8230 ; such is the # 8220 ; actual truth # 8221 ; game. Clinton is certainly non the first to make this ; while you or I may non make it on a really consistent footing, I # 8217 ; ll bet we all have at one clip or another. I am certain that we have all been caught at one clip or another and when you get caught at that kind of thing, your victim # 8217 ; s appraisal is that you are dishonest. Given this, we can see why the imperativeness might be annoyed with Clinton, for this # 8220 ; actual truth # 8221 ; game has been played systematically from the Press Briefing Room for six old ages. From Flowers to Whitewater, # 8220 ; Zippergate # 8221 ; to the run part dirt, the imperativeness has been, at worst, told the actual truth merely ; at best, they have been used. So, the grim media push on this current Clinton dirt is apprehensible. Yet if they believed that difficult fact-finding coverage of White House mischiefs would ache President Clinton this clip, they were clearly incorrect. No affair how many hr long Investigating the President specials CNN runs, it seems that the Lewinsky matter is the # 8220 ; Little Scandal that Couldn # 8217 ; t. # 8221 ; Yet the imperativeness, for all its high? minded disapprobations of Clintonian morality, surely can non look to anyone but itself for the public # 8217 ; s current deficiency of concern, since their focal point has in some ways created the job. The deductions of the Lewinsky matter for Clinton have boiled down to two separate issues. The moral issue of Clinton # 8217 ; s matter with Lewinsky is rather different from possible presidential obstructor of justness and subordination of bearing false witness. Now, the moral / sexual issue is by far the most appealing, evaluations? wise. Surely, more people are interested in the sordid inside informations of what went on between Clinton and Lewinsky during the throes of passion than what may hold transpired in their ulterior conversations. Therefore one can understand why media coverage of the Lewinsky matter begins, returns, and ends about wholly over inquiries over the sexual allegations. The job is that the issues with dentitions are those of subordination of bearing false witness and obstructor of justness. They are the 1s that people really seem to care about ; polls suggest that the populace does non care about the sexual charges. If Clinton lied, the populace says, so he should travel, if it is merely an matter, so so what? The consequence has been a imperativeness focal point that is clearly non persuasive to the American people. Market forces demand sex, the public hears of the sex, the public doesnt attention about the sex, so Clinton isn # 8217 ; t earnestly hurt by the sex. While people are cognizant of the potentially more serious charges, these issues have non received the serious focal point they deserve. The differentiation is important, since it appears more and more likely that the sexual allegations are true and demonstrable, while the bearing false witness and obstructor charges could good evade research workers. Clinton protagonists in all this have several cardinal facts they will necessitate to explicate off if they are to set together a coherent narrative in which Lewinsky and Clinton had no sexual dealingss. Why so long before a clear presidential denial of such dealingss? What explains the hours of tape of Lewinsky speaking to Linda Tripp? Possibly most important, what explains the 37 visits by Lewinsky to the White House, after she was transferred to the Pentagon by a White House director concerned about Lewinsky # 8217 ; s avid efforts to acquire near to the President? The efforts so far to acquit the President of these sexual allegations all bear hallmark similarities. There are the ad hominem onslaughts on Kenneth Starr and Linda Tripp. There are the entreaties to the fantastic virtues of the Clinton presidential term ( yes, it is seemingly more than merely remaining out the manner of Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan ) . There are the cryptic rumours of the # 8220 ; right? flying confederacy # 8221 ; out to acquire the President. What do all these have in common? While interesting inquiries, they are clearly non peculiarly relevant to the cardinal inquiries of what Clinton did. The fact that the President # 8217 ; s guardians do more attacking of Clinton # 8217 ; s accusers than confuting their allegations is rather revealing. But for all the imperativeness coverage the sexual charges have received, it will be helpful for Starr merely so far as it provides links to the other allegations of wrongdoing. There is a existent hazard here that the inquiries involved in these affairs will cut down to legal treatments to which people will non listen, or ( worse ) to which people will non care. This raises the inquiry: can the imperativeness be counted on to cover these charges with every bit much watchfulness as they have the sexual issues? There is some grounds that the imperativeness will non be loath to travel after these issues ; in fact, in some instances it appears many in the imperativeness have leapt to decisions on the footing of flimsy grounds. The Dallas Morning News, for illustration, scooped the narrative of certain Secret Service functionaries being subpoenaed for their cognition of the President # 8217 ; s personal businesss, merely to happen that important inside informations of their narrative were non wholly accurate. Such mistakes of describing should non happen, and the imperativeness surely has a particular duty in this instance non to set away abusive allegations, given its nature. However, these old troubles, Presidential disclaimers and denials, mounting unfavorable judgment from the Left, and potentially worsening evaluations could unite to make an environment where of import issues will non be covered. It happened with Whitewater, it happened with the run finance misdemeanors, and it could go on here. This is where conservativists ( and Republicans ) have an of import function. Up to now, the Right has sagely stayed quiet, allowing Clinton simmer in the face of unfavorable judgment from his ain party. Their function in the approaching hebdomads should non be to straight assail Clinton, but to supervise the development state of affairs and do certain the imperativeness remains argus-eyed in its pursuit for replies. All marks indicate that the public cares more about the bearing false witness and obstructor charges ; they may watch the intelligence for the titillation, but the titillation is non so relevant when they decide their sentiment as to Clinton # 8217 ; s destiny. The Right should make all it can to do certain relevant information is available to the populace. MR Shows like # 8220 ; Access Hollywood # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; Extra # 8221 ; establish their shows on famous persons # 8217 ; lives. But now the focal point is on Bill Clinton and his sex dirt test. Alternatively of believing about acquiring high evaluations, they should see the influence they have on the American people and the possible harm that could do. Much of the United States is uneducated and believes that the word of the media is the absolute truth, and they form their sentiments and actions on what the media preaches. You can non even turn on the Television without seeing the same images of Monica Lewinski, Paula Jones, Gennifer Flowers and other key participants in the presidential dirt. The media failed to turn up any new grounds and exhausted hebdomads airing particular studies that were nil more than guesss. The celebrated image of Bill Clinton encompassing Monica Lewinski was all excessively much a subliminal message stating the American people that it is allright to disrespect and dislike the leader of their state. Despite these allegations that are surely should non be condoned, Bill Clinton was elected twice to run the most powerful state of the World and will go on to make so nomatter what. Now every twenty-four hours some new narrative interruptions about a different adult female that claims Bill Clinton agressed them sexually. Bill Clinton can merely turn out so much to turn out his artlessness and likely isn # 8217 ; t guiltless, but nontheless it doesn # 8217 ; t concern the American populace since it doesn # 8217 ; T concern his ability to execute in the Oval Office. ( No wordplay intended. ) Even though being in the limelight comes with being a universe leader, the media don # 8217 ; t need to worry about the every move and the secrets from his yesteryear. The media needs to inform the populace of the Presidents scruples that could perchance set his capablenesss. There are besides victims, and what about their rights? It is really hard to compose a complete and current paper on this topic as more and more information surfaces daily. 32c

OKeeffe once said that her penchant for black was Essays - Clothing

O'Keeffe once said that her penchant for black was not a preference but a practicality: if she started picking out colors for dresses, she would have no time for painting. She could be coy in that way, especially about the trappings of traditional feminine identitydenying that her flower paintings bore any resemblance to female genitalia, bristling at others' attempts to label her a feminist. ("One is a good painter or one is not, and that sex is not the basic of this difference," she replied when Judy Chicago asked her to participate in an anthology on women artists, in 1972.) O'Keeffe was reluctant to stand for anything other than herself, yet she was open to the worldits places, people, and ideas. According to the art historian Wanda M. Corn, who guest-curated "Living Modern," O'Keeffe's style was influenced early on by the writings of the feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman, whose book"The Dress of Women," from 1915, argued that women should free themselves from restrictive fashion norms by adopting masculine styles of dress. In New Mexico, where, in 1940, O'Keeffe bought a home at the Ghost Ranch, the site of some of her most iconic images, she wore denim and painted the landscapes, writing to tell Murdock Pemberton, the art critic for The New Yorker, that she loved to wear a shirt he had given her paired with bluejeans: "I rather think they are our only national costumes," she said. She honed her style by borrowing (today we might call it appropriating) from other nations, too. When she travelled to Japan, she returned with kimonos, one of which she is wearing, open and loose, in a Paul Strand portrait from 1918. On a visit to Spain, she bought a skirt suit from Cristobal Balenciaga, his impeccable couturier instincts on display in its perfectly tailored arms and waist. She hemmed dresses as hemlines rose.

Happy Yuletide!

Happy Yuletide! Happy Yuletide! Happy Yuletide! By Maeve Maddox Today is a day that has been important to human beings from time immemorial. For ancient English speakers, it was Yule. Even now people refer to â€Å"the Yuletide season†and sing about the Yule log. Spelled Geola in Old English, Yule is a very ancient English word. Before the English adopted the Roman calendar along with Christianity, Yule corresponded to the months of December and January. What we call December was Aerra Geola, â€Å"before Yule,† and January was Afterra Geola, â€Å"following Yule.† The festival of Yule fell between. Yule was an ancient Germanic solstice celebration that began on or around December 25. The Yule log was burned on the family hearth. A portion of it was saved, kept in the house all year, and used to light the next year’s Yule log. It was a token of prosperity for the household. The expression â€Å"Yuletide season† is redundant. Yuletide means â€Å"Yule season.† The Old English element tide means â€Å"point or portion of time.† And speaking of time, the â€Å"twelve days of Christmas† as used by merchants seem to be the last twelve shopping days before Christmas. In the church calendar, the twelve days of Christmas are the days between the birth of Jesus on December 25 and the arrival of the Wise Men on January 6. The Anglo-Saxon year Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfSupervise vs. Monitor

Requisitos de la tarjeta de pasaporte y beneficios

Requisitos de la tarjeta de pasaporte y beneficios La tarjeta de pasaporte una alternativa ms econà ³mica al pasaporte que pueden utilizar los ciudadanos estadounidenses para regresar a Estados Unidos. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre las caracterà ­sticas de la tarjeta de pasaporte o passport card, para quà © sirve, cà ³mo se aplica para obtenerla, cul es el costo y su vigencia. Adems, cules son las reglas especiales que aplican a los nià ±os. Para quà © sirve la tarjeta de pasaporte o passport card La tarjeta de pasaporte es uno de los documentos vlidos admitidos por las autoridades migratorias para probar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense y asà ­ permitir el ingreso a los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, sà ³lo se admite su utilizacià ³n en los pasos migratorios por tierra o barco y cuando el punto de origen del viaje es Mà ©xico, Canad, Bermudas o el Caribe. Es decir, no es un documento admisible para utilizar en ningà ºn aeropuerto.     Caracterà ­sticas de la passport card Las tarjetas de pasaporte cuentan con os siguientes elementos: Tiene un tamaà ±o semejante al de una licencia de manejar y se puede guardar en el billeteroTienen un chip que hace difà ­cil su falsificacià ³nEl chip no contiene informacià ³n personal del titular, sà ³lo un nà ºmero que al llegar a la frontera a una base de datos y permite al ciudadano americano regresar a su paà ­sEs muy fcil de leer por los equipos fronterizos, que pueden procesar al mismo tiempo todas las tarjetas de los ocupantes de un mismo vehà ­culo, lo que favorece la fluidez del trfico en la frontera y reduce los tiempos de espera.  ¿Cà ³mo se solicita la tarjeta de pasaporte? Llenando  por internet en documento DS-11  en el caso de no tener un pasaporte de libro vlido o tambià ©n en el caso de menores. A continuacià ³n es necesario presentarse en un Passport Aceptance Facility que puede ser una oficina de correos, la corte de Justicia e incluso una biblioteca para que acrediten la veracidad de toda la documentacià ³n. Si se tiene en la actualidad un pasaporte clsico de libro que est vigente, entonces corresponde llenar el documento DS-82 (puede obtenerse en el enlace anterior, simplemente buscando entre todas las opciones de formulario por ese nà ºmero especà ­fico). Este es el documento que tambià ©n aplica en los casos de renovacià ³n de la tarjeta de pasaporte. Al llenar ese documento se puede simplemente solicitar la tarjeta de pasaporte. Lo importante es marcar la opcià ³n correcta. Cul es el costo de la tarjeta de pasaporte Cuando se solicita por primera vez y sà ³lo la tarjeta de pasaporte el costo es de $55 para los mayores de 16 aà ±os y de $40 para los menores de dicha edad. Para los casos de renovaciones el costo es de $30 si se hace por correo. Si se aplica al mismo tiempo por un pasaporte de libro y por una tarjeta el costo actualmente es de $165 para los que solicitan por primera vez y tienen ms de 16 aà ±os, Para los menores de dicha edad el coste es de $120. Cunto tiempo se demora la tarjeta de pasaporte Como regla general todo el proceso de tramitacià ³n de la tarjeta de pasaporte se demora entre 6 y 8 semanas. Sin embargo, es posible solicitar un servicio urgente previo pago de otros $60 que hay que sumar al costo regular de la tarjeta. En estos casos todo el proceso se demora entre 2 y 3 semanas. Vigencia de la tarjeta de pasaporte Son vlidas por 10 aà ±os cuando se emiten para un ciudadano de 16 aà ±os o ms y de 5 aà ±os para los menores. Especificaciones para el caso de tarjetas de pasaporte para nià ±os Los nià ±os pueden tiene su propio pasaporte americano o su tarjeta o ambos documentos. En casos muy especà ­ficos los ciudadanos americanos pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos con documentacià ³n distinta al pasaporte clsico y a la tarjeta de pasaporte, particularmente los nià ±os cruzando una frontera terrestre (Mà ©xico y Canad). En el caso de nià ±os que viajan sà ³los o con sà ³lo uno de sus padres estos son los documentos que deben tener para asegurar que no hay problemas en el cruce de aduanas americanas. Verificar cules son los requisitos del otro paà ­s del que procede el nià ±o o al que viaja. Por ejemplo, un nià ±o americano que sale de EEUU sin la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de sus padres porque va a Mà ©xico a ver a sus abuelos. En Mà ©xico pueden pedir que enseà ±e documentacià ³n adicional al pasaporte americano para permitirle el regreso, ya que se tienen que asegurar de que no est siendo secuestrado. Por à ºltimo, la solicitud de los pasaportes para nià ±os est sujeta a requisitos adicionales para darle mayor seguridad al proceso. Informase aquà ­ sobre reglas de pasaportes para menores, como  presencia del nià ±o en la oficina en que se solicita, quà © hacer cuando los padres no estn de acuerdo sobre sacar el pasaporte al nià ±o o no se sabe dà ³nde est uno de los padres. Cruce de frontera y otros posibles problemas Adems de tener un documento vlido para regresar a Estados Unidos, como lo es por ejemplo la tarjeta de pasaporte, hay que tener presente que las reglas sobre quà © se puede traer a Estados Unidos aplican tanto a ciudadanos como a residentes como a turistas o titulares de visas y de este modo evitar sorpresas desagradables al regresar a casa. Otro problema que puede surgir con la tarjeta de pasaporte es que se extravà ­a o sea robada. En estos casos hay que seguir inmediatamente el mismo procedimiento que se hace con el pasaporte y comunicar el problema. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal

To what extent can it be argued that a doctor, who explains the Essay

To what extent can it be argued that a doctor, who explains the procedures and all the risks and then obtains the patients consent, is free from the potential t - Essay Example derately undisruptive, however, others bring substantial damage not just to the patient and families but also to the entire medical profession and the health care industry. When medical mistakes arise, health care professionals are inclined not to report these incidents for fear of litigation which makes the identification and prevention of these errors tough to deal with and hard to correct (Joshi, Anderson & Marwaha, 2002, pp. 40-45; Localio, Lawthers, Brennan et al., 1991, pp. 245-251). In the United Kingdom, there have been no apparent clues regarding its prevalence although an investigation was conducted representing an initial attempt to quantify the extent and magnitude of the dilemma (Vincent, Neale & Woloshynowych, 2001, pp. 517-519). In the United States, field professionals assert that the tort system is not adequate in preventing medical mistakes because the average time to resolve cases purportedly takes 44 months (Palter, 2003). Based on a study, annual deaths caused by medical mistakes have reached 98,000 in United States hospitals (Kohn, Corrigan & Donaldson, 2000). While the statistics reaped so much attention, it was not the very first investigation conducted by the medical community of its errors. Since 1990, numerous studies have dissected and analysed medical mistakes. Interestingly, the publication of these researches denoted an enlightening departure from the conventional secrecy surrounding errors made by physicians (Brennan, Leape, Laird, et al, 1991, pp. 370-376; Wu, Folkman, McPhee & Lo, 1991, pp. 2089-2094). Apparently, practitioners in the field of medicine have moved towards a path that encourages the methodology of admitting mistakes, both to themselves and to others. Duty of Care/Patient-Doctor Relationship Admitting to a mistake is a physician’s moral duty to his/her patient. The American Medical Association Principles of Medical Ethics states that â€Å"A physician shall . . . be honest in all professional

WEEK 2 PERCPTION KEYS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WEEK 2 PERCPTION KEYS - Assignment Example Impressionist majorly used asymmetrical balance in their paintings. This majorly helped them capture a good judgment on immediacy. They made their paintings in such a manner that one item visually balanced another item perfectly (Martin& Jacobus, 2011). Symmetry has been effectively used in Edouard Manet’s painting, ‘A Bar at the Folies-Bergere. It features in few images in the painting. For example, the woman at the counter. The effect puts the lady and her job as the major aim of the painting as other objects have not been clearly brought out. Asymmetry has been effectively used in Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s painting, ‘Luncheon of the Boating Party’. He focuses more on the people at the table but still visibly shows that the boat had a number of people. The aim of the painter might have been to show what was served on tables apart from people just being in a party mood. If I was to purchase one of the paintings, I would choose Claude Monet’s Impression Sunrise. This is because of the tranquil feeling it has to the observer. The choice of color is perfect enough to create a tranquil feeling or rather a feeling of tenderness. The painting is so simple but speaks volumes. Arguments that might support the views of critics that emphasize that documentary photographers have made interesting social documents compared to works of art are that the photos majorly footage people in their usual circumstances. They are devoted to presenting the way of life of the deprived or needy people. In addition to that, documentary photography is capable of motivating and enabling people to view the humankind and what happens around us. The photos keep one informed of a lot. On the other hand, documentary photographers also have made interesting artwork compared to social documents. Documentary photography as an artwork has been criticized by many. Some have apprehended upon the emotionless and substance aspects of the

Meaning of Life and Australian Cultural Identity Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Australian Cultural Identity Essay â€Å"From separate catastrophes, two rural families flee to the city and find themselves sharing a great, breathing, shuddering joint called Cloudstreet, where they begin their lives again from scratch. For twenty years they roister and rankle, laugh and curse until the roof over their heads becomes a home for their hearts. † (Winton, 1991) Tim Winton’s critically acclaimed novel, Cloudstreet is a masterful tale of love, meaning and heartbreaking tragedy that speaks strongly of a post war Australian society that was essentially rebuilding itself after years of political upheaval and financial struggle. Good Morning/Afternoon Ladies and Gentleman. I am a representative of the National English Curriculum board and today I am here to demonstrate to you how Cloudstreet is authentic and believable, and as Marieke Hardy suggests: â€Å"It is Australian. Reading it felt like coming home. † Throughout Cloudstreet, there are numerous concepts that portray the Australian cultural identity; and the theme of religion and spirituality is especially prominent and appealing. The concept of luck, Aboriginal spirituality, and the search for the meaning of life, are all Australian ideas that Winton expertly portrays. Spirituality can be defined as â€Å"a concern for that which is unseen or intangible; as opposed to physical or mundane. † (Greenberg, 2008) It encourages a sense of peace and purpose within an individual and promotes a feeling of belonging. Additionally, religion can be defined as â€Å"the belief in, and worship of a superhuman controlling power. † (Religion) Both concepts are widely integrated into the core of the novel and are depicted through the Australian notion of luck. Luck, which some would argue has long been etched into the Australian consciousness as a common working class superstition, is, whether they are conscious of it or not, a form of religion for both families. The Pickles family, most notably Sam, rely on the â€Å"shifty shadow of God† (p 12) to warn them about future events, while the Lamb’s simple game of â€Å"spinning the knife† (p 53) acts as their metaphorical life compass. â€Å"The Lucky Country† (Horne, 1964) is a phrase that originated from a book of the same name written in the 1960’s, and since then, has gained widespread popularity and thus, been attached to the Australian culture for a long time. Winton has cleverly examined this historical background to incorporate an accurate facet of the Australian identity into the novel and its characters. Also related to the concept of luck, is the fact that after Fish drowns, Oriel, once a devoted and â€Å"god fearing† Christian, begins to question her faith and the reliability of believing in God. When Fish is resuscitated, but only â€Å"some of him comes back†, (p 32) both she and Lester are emotionally forced to abandon God and Christianity and instead, turn to luck, hard work and the idea that â€Å"life and death, was all there was,† (p 65) in order to endure their circumstances. This draws on the common â€Å"Aussie battler† tradition, of which a working class person overcame challenging situations through perseverance, faith and steadfast determination. In terms of the Australian cultural identity, Winton has again taken an important and recognized historical Australian idea and shaped it to evoke feelings of familiarity and intimacy between the readers and the characters of Cloudstreet. The frequent appearance of the â€Å"Blackfella† is yet another example of how the Australian cultural identity is portrayed through examination of Aboriginal Spirituality. However, in many scenes throughout the novel, the blackfella signifies both Christian and Aboriginal spirituality through allusion and comparison. For example, he is likened to Jesus by walking on water and again when he produces a never ending supply of wine and bread in Quick’s car. This comparison is particularly effective as it symbolises the â€Å"coming together† of Christianity and Aboriginality, which was a particularly delicate Australian issue during the time period of the novel, due to Aboriginal marginalisation and the rise of Christian ideals. Essentially, the Blackfella acts as a reminder of the original religion inherent to Australia and its development, during a time when social and political change was overtaking that of its native beliefs. The â€Å"Blackfella† also acts as the conscience of the characters when they have lost their way or their family unit is threatened. This can ultimately be seen when he leads Quick back to Cloudstreet after he runs away to the country, knowing that Quick feels secretly lost without his family, and needs them to feel fully alive. He also persuades Sam not the sell the house and states that â€Å"you shouldn’t break a place. Places are strong and important,† (p 406) referring to not only the house and its tragic Aboriginal history, but also to the fragile families who live inside it. In doing so, he ensures that the families stay whole and together, which is an important and dominating religious value for Aboriginality and Christianity, both during the time period of the novel and in our modern Australian society. Consequently, the â€Å"Blackfella’s† role in Cloudstreet is a significant contribution to the novel’s relevancy to the Australian cultural identity. The Australian cultural identity is also illustrated in Cloudstreet through the spiritual symbolism and personification of the river, and its connection to the character’s search for the meaning of life. This is particularly significant for Quick Lamb, who, is spiritually linked to the river in a number of ways. The river acts as a place of peace, purpose and belonging for Quick. Connecting with his mother when they go prawning, glowing after fishing in the country, and most importantly, falling in love with Rose Pickles, are the most significant spiritually defining events that Quick experiences while on the river. Through realising just how symbolically important the river is to him, Quick finally understands the true meaning of his life, and gains a feeling of belonging that allows him to finally shed his self-degrading title of â€Å"the lost lamb. † (p 310) Australia is a country that values the water. Geographically, we are surrounded by it, with most of our population residing close to the shores. As a result of this, the water is seen as a common gathering place, from which one cannot easily escape nor regard as irrelevant to the Australian way of life. Winton has taken this idea and incorporated it into Cloudstreet, to emphasise and promote a relevant part of Australian culture. Finally, the river’s spiritual and religious connection to Fish Lamb is perhaps the most important concept of the novel. After Fish drowns and has his soul ripped into two separate pieces (spiritual fish and physical fish), the river that he so desperately longs for, essentially becomes his gateway to the spiritual world; to the place where he belongs. It is not until the end of the novel when Fish is finally free to reunite with the water that he is truly whole again. â€Å"I burst into the moon, sun and stars of who I really am. Being Fish Lamb. Perfectly. Always. Everyplace. Me. †(p 424) For many, water in Australia is culturally considered to be the blood of the country; a place of cleansing and rejuvenation. Likewise, for Fish, the river embodies the epitome of the spirit of Australia in the form of life giving water. Although his life was initially taken by the water, it is eventually returned to him when his physical self re-joins his spiritual self. In conclusion, Winton flawlessly encapsulates the cultural identity and spirit of Australia in Cloudstreet through symbolic representations of luck, Aboriginal spirituality and the search for the meaning of life. The characters’ connection with religion and spirituality resonates strongly with the reader and successfully evokes feelings of belonging and familiarity that confirms Cloudstreet is indeed a classic Australian novel. Bibliography Associates, R. Q. (2008, September 16). Ideology in Cloudstreet . Retrieved 2013, from www. englishcurriculum. com. au Cloudstreet Notes. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2013, from Sydney Home Tutoring: http://www. sydneyhometutoring. com. au/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Details-Cloudstreet-notes. pdf. Dot Point Notes Cloudstreet. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2013, from Sydney Home Tutoring : http://www. sydneyhometutoring. com. au/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Dot-Point-Notes-Cloudstreet. pdf. Greenberg, N. (2008, October 8). Retrieved 2013, from Can Spirituality Be Defined: http://notes. utk. edu/bio/unistudy. nsf/935c0d855156f9e08525738a006f2417/bdc83cd10e58d14a852573b00072525d Horne, D. (1964). The Lucky Country. Penguin Books Australia. Religion. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2013, from Google Definitions: https://www. google. com. au/search? q=religion+definition Winton, T. (1991). Cloudstreet. McPhee Gribble.

Death of a Salesman :: essays research papers

My Father’s Dream and My Reality The bond between a boy and his father is one that should sustain the test of time. I have looked up to my father for the majority of my life and he’s beliefs of life have influenced the way I grew up to be the man I am today. However in the end, a true man will follow his own dreams and make his own future. My dream was working with my hands in the outdoors. It has taken many years but I now knew that was what I wanted to do with my life. My father, Willy Loman, I believe shared this same passion, however, he suppressed his dreams as it did not fit in with is predetermined mould for a beloved salesman. So, it then became my father’s dream to work in sales and be well-liked. This is what my father had implanted into me from a young age. Now returning home after fourteen years of trying to ‘find myself’, we still had money to pay off on the refrigerator and the mortgage on the house still needed to be paid. These pending debts, like daggers ripping through my dreams, forced me suppress my own dreams and now seek the stable career of a salesman. I had once worked as a salesman for Bill Oliver so I decided to go to him in order to find a job. Bill Oliver’s office was finely furnished and had a wafting smell of cologne. The waiting room walls seemed to tower down upon me somehow mocking me. As with each hour that went by the walls seem to become larger and I become smaller. Sitting in that room waiting hour after hour for Bill Oliver made me think about why I was there and what I was doing. After much deliberation I concluded; I was never a salesman for him, I was just a shipping clerk. I had talked my self up so much that I had turned my dishonesty to what I believed to be true. I had blurred the line between illusion and reality foolishly thinking everyone else would follow. I questioned myself why this was so. The answer to my question lied somewhere in the foundations of my past. Throughout my life I have been filled with great ideas and aspirations but nothing has ever become of them. I am a failure.

In the play “Twelfth Night” Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes

In the play ‘Twelfth Night', Shakespeare bases the plot around a variety of different themes. The themes of disguise, music, loss and death are subtly introduced, however, the main theme of love is dramatically introduced by Orsino's first line; ‘If music be the food of love play on'. As well as using a variety of themes, ‘Twelfth Night' incorporates the different kinds of love that can have an effect on people. These types of love range from brotherly love to instantaneous love and from unrequited love to impossible love. The use of the theme of love enables almost everybody to relate to events in the play. Love evokes a number of emotions and is a main ingredient, which brings comedy into the play. In Act 1:1 we see Olivia's reaction to the death of her brother. Olivia takes grieving very seriously; ‘†¦she hath abjured herself from the sight and company of men', and takes a vow of chastity. She plans to mourn her brother for seven years and she hides herself from the world; ‘But like a cloisters she will veilà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d walk'. Olivia chooses to dwell on her loss and her strict mourning period could be seen as selfish as life must go on. However, Olivia uses her brother's death to shut herself away from life. In Act 1:5 Feste tries to prove Olivia a fool for taking her mourning period to such an extent. Feste cleverly tells Olivia that her brother's soul is in hell. She protests and insists that his soul is in heaven; Feste then uses his quick-witted nature and says; ‘The more fool madonna, to mourn for your brother's soul being in heaven†¦' Another example of brotherly love is shown when we meet Viola after the shipwreck in Act 1:2. She too ‘suffers the loss' of a beloved brother but unlike Olivia, Viola takes decisive action following his apparent death. She reacts sensibly and practically to a traumatic situation. She desperately wants her brother to be alive; ‘O my poor brother! And so perchance may he be!'. However she realises that she must react calmly and productively to get by in life; ‘I'll serve this Duke†¦.'. Viola's love for Sebastian makes her determined and persistent to carry on. In Act 2:1 we see Sebastian's caring nature and his mourning for his sister; ‘She is drownà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d already, sir, with salt water though I seem to drown her remembrance again with more'. Sebastian shows intense feelings of love and the desire to be reunited with his sister. When he sees Viola dressed as Cesario, he says if she were a woman; ‘I should let tears fall upon your cheek, And say, ‘Thrice welcome, drownà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d Viola'. Viola's determination and Sebastian's deeply affectionate feelings towards his sister depict the closeness between he siblings. Instantaneous love is the most frequent type of love experienced by the characters throughout the play. In Act 1:1 we learn how Orsino fell in love with Olivia from a distance; ‘When mine eyes did first see Olivia first, me thought she purged the air of pestilence'. This sighting of Olivia puts Orsino in a melodramatic, melancholy, lovesick mood. These feelings, however, start to eat away at him. Here he uses food imagery, ‘If music be the food of love play on' and also shows his changeable fickle character when he says, ‘Enough; no more. ‘Tis not so sweet now as it was before.' This could also mean that if he has too much of a good thing, i.e. love, he will become sick of it and stop loving Olivia. Orsino can't express his feelings for Olivia and it is not long before we find that Olivia is actually in love with Viola/Cesario. We know that this is instantaneous love because Viola is dressed as a man, and she has fallen for his appearance. It is evident that Olivia likes Viola/Cesario because she takes off her veil, ‘†¦in the sight and company' of a ‘man', when he/she comes to woo her for Orsino. She tells Viola/Cesario that she cannot love Orsino and says, ‘Let him no more-unless you come to me again.' Here she tells Orsino to stop wooing her, unless he is to send Viola/Cesario to do so. Olivia does not comprehend how it is possible to fall in love so quickly; ‘Even so quickly may one catch the plague?'. ‘To creep in at mine eyes' could also indicate love at first sight. Desperate to see Viola/Cesario again, Olivia sends Malvolio after the youth, telling him; ‘He left this ring behind him'. It is in Act 2:2when Malvolio confronts Viola with the ring, Viola realises that Olivia loves her; ‘She loves me sure; the cunning of her passion, Invites me in this churlish messenger.' Instantaneous love is also introduced when Olivia and Sebastian meet, when she tries to prevent Sir Toby from drawing sword on whom she believes to be Cesario. Sebastian immediately falls in love with Olivia; ‘If it be thus a dream, still let me sleep!' and despite her calling him Cesario, agrees to marry her. Although Orsino loves Olivia for her outward appearance he also falls for Cesario's inner character. He appreciates Viola/Cersario's trustworthy character and after only a short period of time a strong bond ahs between the two; ‘I have unclasped to thee my secret soul'. In Act 1:5 Orsino comments on Viola's womanly attributes and nature; ‘Diana's lip is not more smooth and rubious; thy small pipe is as the maiden's organ shrill and sound'. This is a good example of irony as Orsino is not yet aware that Viola/Cesario is actually a woman. After spending much time alone with Orsino, Viola falls in love. Her feelings start to fester, as she can't express her love due to her disguise; ‘But let concealment like a worm i'th' bud Feed on her damask cheek'. Viola is very subtle about her feelings towards Orsino yet she cleverly and indirectly tells him that she loves him; ‘As it may be perhaps, were I a woman, I should your lordship.' It is in Act 5:1 that Viola openly declares her love for Orsino. Orsino angrily leaves and Viola follows telling Olivia that she is going; ‘After him I love, more than I love these eyes, more than my life. ‘ This explicit declaration of love comes despite Viola being disguised as a man. She also declares her love implicitly in the ‘willow cabin' speech in Act 1:5 during, which she expresses the passion and rawness in the love that she has for Orsino. Impossible/forbidden love is also featured in the play. In Act 1:3 Sir Andrew tells of how he plans to woo Olivia but worries; ‘Your niece will not be seen, or if she be, it's four to one, she'll none of me'. Sir Toby, then, misleadingly says to Sir Andrew; ‘Tut there's life in't man.' Here Sit Toby is telling Sir Andrew where there is life there is hope. Sir Andrew does not realise when people are taking advantage of his gullibility to make him the butt of their jokes. In Act 3:2 Sir Toby persuades Sir Andrew to challenge Viols/Cesario to a duel in order to impress Olivia; ‘there is no love-broker in the world can more prevail in mans commendation with woman that report valour.' In a final attempt to woo Olivia Sir Andrew agrees to the duel with Cesario. This is an example of irony, as we know his attempts will not be triumphant as Olivia is in love with Cesario. Malvolio also has feelings for Olivia but his feelings are for selfish motives; ‘To be count Malvolio!' Here Malvolio dreams of marrying Olivia even though he is merely a steward. He then says ;'There is example for it: the Lady of the Strachy married the yeoman of the wardrobe.' He says this to justify his dreams and to make himself believe that he will have a chance of ‘love' with Olivia. He is gulled into feeling that he in fact does have a chance with Olivia when Maria leaves a fraudulent letter ‘from Olivia'. Malvolio's self-love allows him to assure himself that Olivia did in fact write the letter and that she does love him. Malvolio doesn't need much persuading and he immediately sets about following the letters instructions; ‘He's in yellow stockings' which are ‘most villainously cross gartered.' It seems that Malvolio ‘does obey every point of the letter', showing his foolish, self-absorbed nature. We, again, know that Malvolio doesn't have a chance of happiness with Olivia, not only because she is in love with Cesario but also because he is ‘merely a steward'. One of the more successful relationships that develops from friendship to love is that between Sir Toby and Maria. In the earlier scenes of the play we see the flourishing relationship between the two. They subtly show their feelings to one another throughout the play. This is evident whilst they indulge in verbal banter. Maria makes their early friendship obvious when she tells how she worries about Toby's luxurious lifestyle; ‘That drinking and quaffing will undo you'. Toby, however, expresses his feelings in a more crude way; ‘board her, woe her, assail her'. The formulating plan to ‘gull' Malvolio strengthens Maria and Toby's relationship; ‘I could marry that wench for this device'. Toby refers to Maria using comic comparisons, ‘she is a beagle true bred' and ‘good night Penthesila', commenting on her diminutive size. In Act 2:5 Toby greet Maria with; ‘How now, my metal of India?' proving that he thinks highly of her, comparing her to pure gold. We see how far their relationship has progressed when in Act 5:1 Fabian informs the characters; ‘Maria writ the letter, at Sir Toby's great importance, In recompense whereof he hath married her'. The most memorable example of love in the play is that of Orsino's for Viola. Not only does the idea of a man falling for ‘another man' add comedy value to the play, it also provides some touching heart rendering scenes. Many of these scenes evoke sympathy towards Viola as she can't express her returned feeling for Orsino due to her disguise; ‘my father had a daughter loved a man as it might be perhaps, where I a woman I should your lordship'. In Twelfth Night the theme of love brings comedy to the play and evokes a number of feelings such a sympathy, wonder, confusion and of course laughter. It also confronts issues, which many people can relate to, making Twelfth Night a fun and memorable play.

Voucher Programs: A Discrimination

The emphasis on improving public education in the United States has been growing for years. Legislators, privately owned companies, school boards and community organizations are trying to come up with intelligent ways to rescue children from deteriorating public schools, particularly schools located in inner cities. They believe a possible solution to the problem involves offering voucher programs, which would provide financial-aid for families not fortunate enough to pay for their children to attend private schooling. Vouchers are only available to the students who excel in certain areas and rarely cover the cost of the entire education. Taxpayers will be paying higher taxes to compensate for the students attending private schools through voucher programs. This method of segregation not only widens the gap between public and private education but it also isolates a small percentage of ‘desirable† students from the rest of society. Voucher programs will only benefit a minute amount of students while hurting the entire school system and the general public. Voucher programs help separate the gap between faltering public schools and unambiguous private schools. What good would it do to segregate the brightest kids from society? (90% of students attend public schools) It would improve their education by a small fraction, but as a whole, society itself will not improve. In fact, society will falter. Public schools will increasingly weaken by taking the strongest components out and joining them with their counterparts in private schools. What incentive will that give the government to make public schooling better, if the beneficiaries are warded of into a â€Å"better† education? The good would leave and the bad would stay, making public schools even worse than they already are. Vouchers also undermine the court case Brown vs. Board of Education, which determined that separate but equal is definitely not equal. Earl Warren, the judge residing over the case stated, â€Å"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,† (Garrety, 787). Vouchers will segregate the society by placing students in separate facilities with tax payers† money. This form of separation is wrong. On average, a student receiving a voucher will be granted $2,500-$5,000 a year for private education. This is usually enough money to send a student to a local private school funded by the church. â€Å"In many areas, 80 percent of vouchers would be used in school whose central mission is religious training† (Internet source 1) Religion is everywhere in these schools. Prayers fill the schools halls, assemblies, sporting events and classrooms. Taking taxpayers money and channeling it into voucher programs is a travesty. It causes deliberate and unavoidable conflict between the church and the state. In the 1940†³s the High Court declared that, â€Å"no tax in any amount large or small†¦ e levied to support any religious activities or institutions† (Internet source 1) and in 1997 the government also concluded the refusal to fund, â€Å"inculcation of religious beliefs,† (Internet source 1). Voucher programs would demand citizens of all races and ages to pay for a religious education for children they will never know. How could the government not subsidize institutions that offer a curriculum entirely different than the norm? For example a school run by an extremist group like the Ku Klux Klan, or a curriculum primarily focusing on communism will also demand funding. The government will have to offer them funding for vouchers just like every other religiously affiliated private school. The American public will be contributing to the advancements of these types of schooling. This is not fair! Voucher programs, in no possible form can ameliorate public education. Some public schools will be left with fewer dollars than in previous years, and they will have the poorest and least intelligent students to teach. No teacher will want to teach in such circumstances. They know that they will possibly receive pay cuts, which will give little to no incentive for teachers to stay teaching at public schools. It will promote unqualified and inexperienced faculty to fill the unwanted positions, which will make the situation even worse than it already is. There would be a rise in popularity for teaching jobs in private schools, driving potential prospects for teachers in public schools away. As a whole, voucher programs pose an immense threat to the public education system. They have proven to be unpopular amongst states around the entire country. â€Å"When offered to vote on voucher-like programs, the public has consistently rejected them; voters in 19 states have rejected such proposals in referendum ballots. In the November 1998 election, for example, Colorado voters rejected a proposed constitutional amendment that would have allowed parochial schools to receive public funds through a complicated tuition tax-credit scheme. Indeed voters have rejected all but one tuition voucher proposals put to the ballot since the first such vote 30 years ago. † (Internet source 2) It is obvious that vouchers are not the solution to public education struggling to Vouchers sidetrack the building of support for public schools which is exactly what public schools need. The United States government should try and come up with a solution, which will benefit the school system as a whole. Vouchers only benefit . 1% of all students attending schools throughout the United States. Vouchers do not help to improve deteriorating public schools, and they do not help the majority of students in those schools. How can the government make families (already struggling financially to send their children to public schools) help pay for kids attending private schools through voucher programs? It cannot happen and never will!

Where The Economy Is Now In Respect To At Least Coursework

Where The Economy Is Now In Respect To At Least Coursework Where The Economy Is Now In Respect To At Least – Coursework Example 15th February Where the economy is now in respect to at least Jobs In United s, the unemployment rate was 6.1 percent in September 2008, and after one year, the rate of unemployment increased up to 10 percent. The cause and the measures of United States unemployment rate are due to economic conditions, global competition, education, automation and demographics. These factors affect the workers and the society as a whole causing the rate of unemployment currently to be 7.3 percent. Despite the contribution of United States government to create jobs to the citizens, the economy still has 1.9 million fewer jobs (Robert 46). One of the solutions that United States is engaging in to prevent unemployment is keeping the economy growing and developing business cycle. This means that the government is spending money to the society to keep the economy growing and still maintaining the economy to be steady. With the recent pace of job growth, it will just take 11 months to lower the rate of une mployment thus reaching the previous peak.Economic growth In 2008, the impact of the financial crisis was cascading though the system and gross domestic product (GDP) dropped by 8.3 percent and this was during the first quarter of 2008. The country during this year dropped the gross domestic product by 0.3 percent and this kept on increasing up to 2009 which cascaded by 2.8 percent drop (James 86). Nation Bureau of Economic Research carried a research where the United States economy stood at $15,681T in 2009 comparing with $14,895T that was experienced in 2008. The pace of recovery is still being experienced since the economy has shown a growth rate of 3-3.5 percent. The country is ranked as the largest world’s single national economy estimating a GDP of $17.1 trillion in 2013.Robert, M. Labor Force And Unemployment, New York: New York Press, 1973.Print James, K. Gross Domestic Product, Big Gaps. New York: ZED Books, 2009.Print

An overview of Civil disobedience

An overview of Civil disobedience At the beginning of â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† Thoreau expresses agreement with the idea â€Å"that government is best which governs least†. When carried to its logical conclusion, this concept leads to the realization â€Å"that government is best which governs not at all†. Thoreau believes government is the mode people have chosen to affect their will and is apt to be exploited before the people can act through it. Whatever the government assumes or promises, Thoreau argues, it does not keep a country free and it does not educate. He claims that all good that has been accomplished in America has been done not by the government, but by the people. He also argues that further accomplishments may have been reached if the government had not interfered. Thoreau states that as a reasonable citizen, he does not ask for no government at all, but an improved government. The first step in improving a government is for the people to identify what kind of government would earn their respect and loyalty. The problem is that not every individual has a say in how the government should perform, and many do not have the respect or even acknowledgement from the government. The majority can rule simply because it is more physically powerful, and the minority has essentially no say in shaping law. To Thoreau, a government based on majority rule is not based on justice. He asks, â€Å"Should an individual citizen have to resign his conscience to the legislator?† If this is so, why would a person even have a conscience? Thoreau states that we should be men first and subjects later. It is not desirable to develop a high opinion of the law, so much as for justice and right. For an individual to do what he thinks is right is the only duty which one has the right to assume. Thoreau makes a good argument; a group on its own has no conscience. However, a group of conscientious people is a conscientious group. Thoreau claims that when the people have respect for an undeserving government, the only natural result is that the people will be following the law against their wills, against their common sense, and against their conscience. So, Thoreau asks, are these people men at all? He states, â€Å"A wise man will only be useful as a man, and will not submit to be clay†. Thoreau states that most men do recognize the right of revolution when a government’s tyranny or inefficiency are sufficiently great and unendurable. When most of a country is unjustly overrun, then this is the time for honest individuals to rebel and revolt. Thoreau refers to voting as â€Å"a game†. He states that a person votes as he thinks is right, but that he is not necessarily bothered by whether or not his belief – his vote – is successful. The people, he believes, seem to be willing to leave this to the majority. Thoreau argues that a real wise man would not take the risk of what is right not prevailing and would also realize that there is not much virtue in the action of the mass. But as far as real men go, Thoreau believes that they are few and rare. He makes this clear in this essay; â€Å"How many men are there to a square thousand miles in the country? Hardly one.† Thoreau believes that there are few real people, it seems, because we are hypocritical, inconsistent, and weak in our beliefs. He claims that many disapprove of the nature of the government but continue to support it. Such people, he argues, should be resisting the government. An individual cannot genuinely be content when he knows he is consciously being cheated or deceived. Thoreau believes that instead of obeying rules one knows to be unjust, the individual should attempt to alter those laws. He suggests that the power of governmental control is what causes people to perceive resistance as worse than obedience. The government and the mass do not seem to be aware of or appreciate the wise minority who would push for reform, and those who choose to resist are punished and humiliated. Most people would rather wait until the majority agrees that laws should be revised via traditional process than to resist. Thoreau argues that if a government expects an individual to follow and carry out injustice, then that government is not one that should be followed. He makes a very good claim by saying that when one is under a government which unjustly imprisons people, then prison would be the appropriate place for a true, just individual. Thoreau evidently believes that an individual should not follow laws which he or she believes to be unjust. He states, â€Å"Know all men by these presents, that I, Henry Thoreau, do not wish to be regarded as a member of any society which I have not joined.† He declares that a real man would find it less confining to be locked up in a prison cell knowing that he was doing what is right, rather than living â€Å"free† in a society while obeying laws he believes to be wrong. Thoreau tries to make it clear at the end of the essay that he does not hate the idea of government, but that it is in dire need of major improvement, and that it should only be followed if it is just and if it has the consent of those who it governs. He states that the state will never be progressive and free until it recognizes the individuals, rather than the mass, and respects them accordingly.